[ABAP] Dynamische WHERE-Clause für AMDP aus SELECT-OPTIONS / RANGES generieren

Bei Datenbankzugriffen mit AMDP / NATIVE SQL besteht nicht die Möglichkeit einfach RANGES in den SELECT-Statements zu übergeben.
Die RANGES müssen dazu zuerst in einen String umgewandelt werden. Dieser String kann dann in der WHERE-Condition verarbeitet werden.

Variante 1 (cl_shdb_seltab)

DATA: lv_usnam TYPE rkpf-usnam.

SELECT-OPTIONS: so_usnam FOR lv_usnam.

INITIALIZATION.

  so_usnam[] = VALUE #( ( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = 'USER1' high = '' )
                        ( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = 'USER2' high = '' )
                      ).

START-OF-SELECTION.
* wandelt ein SELECT-OPTIONS / RANGE in WHERE-String um
  TRY.
* WHERE-Condition ohne fehlerhaft gesetzte Klammern und unnötige Leerzeichen
      DATA(lv_where) = condense( cl_shdb_seltab=>new( so_usnam[] )->sql_where_condition( 'USNAM' ) ).

      WRITE: / lv_where.

    CATCH cx_root INTO DATA(e_txt).
  ENDTRY.

Variante 2 (cl_shdb_seltab, erzeugt fehlerhaftes WHERE-Statement)

DATA: lv_usnam TYPE rkpf-usnam.

SELECT-OPTIONS: so_usnam FOR lv_usnam.

INITIALIZATION.

  so_usnam[] = VALUE #( ( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = 'USER1' high = '' )
                        ( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = 'USER2' high = '' )
                      ).

START-OF-SELECTION.
* wandelt ein oder mehrere SELECT-OPTIONS / RANGE in WHERE-String um
  TRY.
* WHERE-Condition mit fehlerhaft gesetzte Klammern und unnötigen Leerzeichen
      DATA(lv_where) = cl_shdb_seltab=>combine_seltabs(
                                                        it_named_seltabs = VALUE #(
                                                                                    (
                                                                                      name = 'USNAM'              " RKPF-USNAM
                                                                                      dref = REF #( so_usnam[] )  " Referenz auf SELECT-OPTIONS / RANGE
                                                                                    )
                                                                                  )
                                                      ).

      WRITE: / lv_where.

    CATCH cx_root INTO DATA(e_txt).
  ENDTRY.

Variante 3 (cl_lib_seltab, OBSOLET)

DATA: lv_usnam TYPE rkpf-usnam.

SELECT-OPTIONS: so_usnam FOR lv_usnam.

INITIALIZATION.

  so_usnam[] = VALUE #( ( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = 'USER1' high = '' )
                        ( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = 'USER2' high = '' )
                      ).

START-OF-SELECTION.
* wandelt ein SELECT-OPTIONS / RANGE in WHERE-String um
  TRY.
* WHERE-Condition ohne fehlerhaft gesetzte Klammern und unnötige Leerzeichen
      DATA(lv_where) = condense( cl_lib_seltab=>new( so_usnam[] )->sql_where_condition( 'USNAM' ) ).

      WRITE: / lv_where.

    CATCH cx_root INTO DATA(e_txt).
  ENDTRY.

Variante 4 (FREE_SELECTIONS_RANGE_2_WHERE)

DATA: lv_usnam TYPE rkpf-usnam.

SELECT-OPTIONS: so_usnam FOR lv_usnam.

INITIALIZATION.

  so_usnam[] = VALUE #( ( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = 'USER1' high = '' )
                        ( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = 'USER2' high = '' )
                      ).

START-OF-SELECTION.

  DATA(it_ranges) = VALUE rsds_trange(
                                       (
* Tabellenname
                                         tablename = 'RKPF'
                                         frange_t = VALUE #(
                                                             (
* Feldname
                                                                fieldname = 'USNAM'
* RANGE aus SELECT-OPTIONS
                                                                selopt_t  = VALUE #( FOR <so> IN so_usnam
                                                                                     (
                                                                                       sign   = <so>-sign
                                                                                       option = <so>-option
                                                                                       low    = <so>-low
                                                                                       high   = <so>-high
                                                                                     )
                                                                                   )
                                                             )
                                                           )
                                       )
                                     ).

* Rückgabe
  DATA: it_where TYPE rsds_twhere.

* Freie Abgrenzungen: Konvertierung Format RSDS_TRANGE ==> RSDS_TWHERE
  CALL FUNCTION 'FREE_SELECTIONS_RANGE_2_WHERE'
    EXPORTING
      field_ranges  = it_ranges
    IMPORTING
      where_clauses = it_where.

* Ausgabe
  LOOP AT it_where ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<e>).
    WRITE: / 'Table:', <e>-tablename.
    LOOP AT <e>-where_tab ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<w>).
      WRITE: / <w>-line.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDLOOP.

Links

[ABAP] Hilfsvariablen mit LET-Ausdruck definieren

LET

  • Verwendung innerhalb von Operatoren NEW, VALUE, CONV, COND, SWITCH, REDUCE, FOR …
  • es konnen inplace Variablen oder Feldsymbole deklariert werden
  • Variablen, die im LET-Ausdruck definiert wurden k?nnen nur innerhalb des jeweiligen Scopes verwendet werden

Variante 1 (Variablendefinition, CONV)

* Carrier
PARAMETERS: p_carrid TYPE scarr-carrid DEFAULT 'LH'.

START-OF-SELECTION.

* Daten holen
  SELECT * FROM scarr INTO TABLE @DATA(it_carr).

  TRY.
* String zusammenbauen
      DATA(lv_carr_name) = CONV string(
* Hilfsvariablen per LET definieren
* ersten Carrier mit Carrid holen, kann Exception CX_SY_ITAB_LINE_NOT_FOUND werfen
                                        LET <c> = it_carr[ carrid = p_carrid ]
                                            dp  = |: |
* Hilfsvariablen verwenden
                                        IN
                                        |{ <c>-carrname }{ dp }{ <c>-url }| ).

      WRITE: / lv_carr_name.

* Exceptions abfangen
    CATCH cx_root INTO DATA(e_txt).
      WRITE: / e_txt->get_text( ).
  ENDTRY.

Variante 2 (Variablendefinition, COND)

DATA(lv_lang) = COND string(
* Hilfsvariablen per LET definieren
                             LET lang     = cl_abap_syst=>get_language( )
                                 lang_iso = cl_i18n_languages=>sap1_to_sap2( im_lang_sap1 = lang )
* Hilfsvariablen verwenden
                             IN
                             WHEN lang_iso = 'DE' THEN 'Deutsch'
                             WHEN lang_iso = 'EN' THEN 'Englisch'
                             ELSE 'andere Sprache'
                           ).

WRITE: / lv_lang.

Variante 3 (Tabelleneinträge, VALUE)

TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_s_adr,
         id   TYPE i,
         city TYPE string,
       END OF ty_s_adr.

TYPES: ty_it_adr TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_s_adr WITH DEFAULT KEY.

TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_s_person,
         city_id  TYPE i,
         forename TYPE string,
         surename TYPE string,
         age      TYPE i,
       END OF ty_s_person.

TYPES: ty_it_persons TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_s_person WITH DEFAULT KEY.

* Städte
DATA(it_city) = VALUE ty_it_adr(
                                 ( id = 100 city = 'Berlin' )
                                 ( id = 101 city = 'Hamburg' )
                                 ( id = 102 city = 'M?nchen' )
                               ).

* Tabelle mit Personen
DATA(it_persons) = VALUE ty_it_persons(
                                        ( city_id = 100 forename = 'Udo'   surename = 'Lehmann' age = 35 )
                                        ( city_id = 101 forename = 'Erika' surename = 'Müller'  age = 63 )
                                        ( city_id = 102 forename = 'Heinz' surename = 'Schulze' age = 65 )
                                ).

DATA(it_csv) = VALUE stringtab(
* alle Namen durchgehen
                                 FOR <p> IN it_persons INDEX INTO idx
* Hilfsvariablen zusammensetzen
                                   LET name       = |{ <p>-surename }, { <p>-forename }|
                                       city       = it_city[ id = <p>-city_id ]-city
                                       age_string = COND string( WHEN <p>-age > 63 THEN 'Rentner' ELSE 'kein Rentner' )
                                       output     = |{ idx };{ name };{ city };{ age_string }|
* Hilfsvariablen verwenden
                                   IN
* neue Zeile zu Tabelle hinzufügen
                                   ( output )
                               ).

* Anzeige
cl_demo_output=>display( it_csv ).

Variante 4 (CONV)

DATA(lv_i) = CONV i( LET x = 1 IN x ).
WRITE: / lv_i.

Variante 5 (NEW)

DATA(lv_i) = NEW i( LET x = 1 IN x ).
WRITE: / lv_i->*.

[JavaScript] Prototyping

function Person(name) {
  this.Vorname = name;
}

// p1 -> Attribut "Alter" für nur dieses Objekt
let p1 = new Person("Ede");
p1.Alter = 60;
console.log(p1.Vorname + " " + p1.Alter);

// p2 -> hat keinen Attribut "Alter"
let p2 = new Person("Horst");
console.log(p2.Vorname + " " + p2.Alter);

// neue Eigenschaft im Prototyp ("Basisklasse") für alle Personen hinzufügen
Person.prototype.Alter = 70;

// p2 hat nun auch ein Attribut "Alter"
console.log(p2.Vorname + " " + p2.Alter);

[JavaScript] Eine Klasse definieren

Klassendefinition ab ES6

// https://javascript.info/class
// https://javascript.info/property-accessors
class Rechteck
{
  // Konstruktor
  constructor(h, b) {
    this.h = h;
    this.b = b;
  }
   
  // public Properties
  get flaeche() {
    return this.Flaeche();
  }
 
  set hoehe(value) {
    this.h = value;
  }
  
  set breite(value) {
    this.b = value;
  }
  
  // public Methoden
  Flaeche() {
    return this.h * this.b;
  }
  
  // statische Methoden
  static Calc(h, b) {
    return h * b;
  }
}
 
const q = new Rechteck(10, 10);
 
console.log(q.flaeche);
q.hoehe = 5;
console.log(q.Flaeche());
console.log(Rechteck.Calc(2, 3));
console.log(Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Rechteck.prototype));

herkömmlich über “function”

function Rechteck(h, b)
{ 
    this.h = h;
    this.b = b;
   
    Rechteck.prototype.Flaeche = function() {
      return this.h * this.b;
    }
}
 
let q = new Rechteck(10, 10);
 
console.log(q.Flaeche());
console.log(Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Rechteck.prototype));

[JavaScript] Fortgeschrittene Objektdefinition: Revealing Module Pattern (Kapselung plus öffentliche Schnittstelle)

// https://wiki.selfhtml.org/wiki/JavaScript/Module_und_Kapselung

// Klasse / Modul definieren
// Grundmodul
let oModule = (function() {
  // private
  let priv1 = 100;
  let priv2 = 200;
   
  function priv_func1(var1, var2) {
    return var1 + var2 + priv1;
  }
 
  function priv_func2(var1, var2) {
    return var1 + var2 + priv2;
  }
   
  // public 
  return {
    public_func1: function(var1, var2) {
      return priv_func1(var1, var2) + priv_func2(var1, var2);
    }
  };
 
})();

// Erweiterung des Grundmoduls um public und private Methoden
(function (module) {
  // private
  let priv3 = 200;
  
  function priv_func3(var1, var2) {
    return var1 + var2 + priv3;
  }
  
  // public
  module.public_func2 = function(var1, var2) {
    return priv_func3(var1, var2);
  };
})(oModule);

// ok -> 306
console.log(oModule.public_func1(1, 2));
// ok -> 203
console.log(oModule.public_func2(1, 2));
// undefined
console.log(oModule.priv1);
// undefined
console.log(oModule.priv3);
// "error"
console.log(oModule.priv_func1(1, 2));
// "error"
console.log(oModule.priv_func3(1, 2));

[JavaScript] Klassendeklaration über “function”

Variante 1 (public)

// https://www.phpied.com/3-ways-to-define-a-javascript-class/
// https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/JavaScript/Introduction_to_Object-Oriented_JavaScript

// Klasse Person über "function" abbilden
function Person(vorname, nachname, alter) {
  this.Vorname = vorname;
  this.Nachname = nachname;
  this.Alter = alter;
  this.getText = function(type){
    var text = "";
     
    switch (type) {
      case "1":
        text = this.Vorname;
        break;
      case "2":
        text = this.Nachname;
        break;
      case "3":
        text = this.Alter;
        break;
      default:
        text = "-";
        break;
    }
     
    return text;
  };
}

var p = new Person("Udo", "Mustermann", 30);

// Datenausgabe
console.log(p.getText("1"));

Variante 2 (private und public)

function User() {

  // private
  a = 1;
  
  function private() {
    return a;
  }

  // public
  this.b = 2;

  this.public = function() {
    return this.b;
  };
}

let u = new User();
// error
//u.private();
// undefined
console.log(u.a);
// 2
console.log(u.b);
// 2
console.log(u.public());

[JavaScript] Einfache Objektdefinition

einfache Objektdefinition mit Literalen

// https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_objects.asp
// https://www.phpied.com/3-ways-to-define-a-javascript-class/

let person = {
  Vorname: "Horst",
  Nachname: "Mustermann",
  Alter: 65,
  getText: function(type){
    let text = "";
     
    switch (type) {
      case "1":
        text = this.Vorname;
        break;
      case "2":
        text = this.Nachname;
        break;
      case "3":
        text = this.Alter;
        break;
      default:
        text = "-";
        break;
    }
     
    return text;
  }
};

// Horst -> Klaus
person["Vorname"] = "Klaus";

// Datenausgabe
console.log(person.Vorname);
console.log(person["Vorname"]);
console.log(person.getText("1"));
console.log(person.getText("2"));
console.log(person.getText("3"));

einfache Objektdefinition mit new Object

let person = new Object();

person.Vorname = "Horst";
person.Nachname = "Mustermann";
person.Alter = 65;
person.getText = function(type){
  let text = "";
   
  switch (type) {
    case "1":
      text = this.Vorname;
      break;
    case "2":
      text = this.Nachname;
      break;
    case "3":
      text = this.Alter;
      break;
    default:
      text = "-";
      break;
  }
   
  return text;
};
 
// Datenausgabe
console.log(person.Vorname);
console.log(person["Vorname"]);
console.log(person.getText("1"));
console.log(person.getText("2"));
console.log(person.getText("3"));

alternative Objektdefinition mit new Object + Literalen

let person = new Object({
  Vorname : "Horst",
  Nachname : "Mustermann",
  Alter : 65,
  getText : function(type){
      let text = "";
       
      switch (type) {
        case "1":
          text = this.Vorname;
          break;
        case "2":
          text = this.Nachname;
          break;
        case "3":
          text = this.Alter;
          break;
        default:
          text = "-";
          break;
      }
       
      return text;
  }
});

// Datenausgabe
console.log(person.Vorname);
console.log(person["Vorname"]);
console.log(person.getText("1"));
console.log(person.getText("2"));
console.log(person.getText("3"));

[ABAP] Datenausgabe mit cl_demo_output

Demoprogramme

* DEMO_USAGE_OUTPUT_GET
* DEMO_USAGE_OUTPUT_STATIC
* DEMO_USAGE_OUTPUT_INSTANCE
* DEMO_USAGE_OUTPUT_STREAM

Text mit Abschnitten

* Abschnitt 1
cl_demo_output=>begin_section( '1. Überschrift' ).
cl_demo_output=>begin_section( '1.1 Überschrift' ).
* Text
cl_demo_output=>write_text( 'Text 1.1' ).
cl_demo_output=>write( 'Text 1.1 non proportional' ).
cl_demo_output=>end_section( ).
cl_demo_output=>end_section( ).
* Abschnitt 2
cl_demo_output=>begin_section( '2. Überschrift' ).
cl_demo_output=>begin_section( '2.1 Überschrift' ).
* Text
cl_demo_output=>write_text( 'Text 2.1' ).
cl_demo_output=>write( 'Text 2.1 non proportional' ).
cl_demo_output=>end_section( ).
cl_demo_output=>end_section( ).
* alles anzeigen
cl_demo_output=>display( ).

Überschrift

cl_demo_output=>next_section( 'Überschrift' ).

Variablen, Strukturen, Tabellen

TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_struct,
         f1 TYPE string,
         f2 TYPE i,
       END OF ty_struct.

TYPES: ty_it_tab TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_struct WITH DEFAULT KEY.

DATA(lv_struct) = VALUE ty_struct( f1 = 'Field1' f2 = 1 ).
DATA(it_tab) = VALUE ty_it_tab( ( f1 = 'T1' f2 = 1 )
                                ( f1 = 'T2' f2 = 2 )
                                ( f1 = 'T3' f2 = 3 ) ).

cl_demo_output=>write_data( value = -100         name = 'Zahl' ).
cl_demo_output=>write_data( value = 'ein String' name = 'Text' ).
cl_demo_output=>write_data( value = lv_struct    name = 'Struct' ).
cl_demo_output=>write_data( value = it_tab       name = 'Tab' ).
* alles anzeigen
cl_demo_output=>display( ).

Trennlinie

cl_demo_output=>write_text( 'Oben' ).
cl_demo_output=>line( ).
cl_demo_output=>write_text( 'Unten' ).
* alles anzeigen
cl_demo_output=>display( ).

HTML

* HTML hinzufügen
cl_demo_output=>write_html( '<b>Text bold</b>' ).
* HTML anzeigen
cl_demo_output=>display_html( '<i>Text italic</i>' ).

XML

DATA: lv_xml TYPE string.
...
cl_demo_output=>display_xml( lv_xml ).

JSON

DATA: lv_json TYPE xstring.
...
cl_demo_output=>display_json( lv_json ).

Plaintext ausgeben

cl_demo_output=>set_mode( cl_demo_output=>text_mode ).
cl_demo_output=>write_data( value = it_tab name = 'Tab' ).
cl_demo_output=>display( ).

oder

SELECT * FROM tnapr INTO TABLE @DATA(it_tnapr).
cl_demo_output=>new( 'TEXT' )->display( it_tnapr ).

HTML-Code generieren lassen

SELECT * FROM mara INTO TABLE @DATA(it_mara).
IF sy-subrc = 0.
  cl_demo_output=>write_data( it_mara ).
* HTML-Code vom Demo-Output holen
  DATA(lv_html) = cl_demo_output=>get( ).
* Daten im Inline-Browser im SAP-Fenster anzeigen
  cl_abap_browser=>show_html( EXPORTING
                                title        = 'Daten aus der Tabelle MARA'
                                html_string  = lv_html
                                container    = cl_gui_container=>default_screen ).

* cl_gui_container=>default_screen erzwingen
  WRITE: space.
ENDIF.

Links

[ABAP] OO: Variablen, Strukturen, interne Tabellen, Objektreferenzen anlegen

Variable anlegen

* int
DATA(lv_int) = 1.
DATA(lv_int_empty) = VALUE i( ).
 
* float
DATA(lv_float_empty) = VALUE f( ).
DATA(lv_float) = CONV f( '0.1' ).
 
* char
DATA(lv_char) = 'ABCD'.
 
* string
DATA(lv_empty_string) = ||.
DATA(lv_string) = |Text|.
 
* bool
DATA(lv_bool) = abap_true.
 
* DDIC-Typ (z.B. MATNR)
DATA(lv_matnr) = CONV matnr( '1234567890' ).
DATA(lv_matnr_empty) = VALUE matnr( ).

Struktur anlegen

* definiert vom Anwender
TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_sflight,
         carrid TYPE sflight-carrid,
         connid TYPE sflight-connid,
       END OF ty_sflight.

DATA(lv_struct) = VALUE ty_sflight( carrid = 'LH'
                                    connid = '0123' ).

* Strukturtyp aus DDIC (leer)
DATA(lv_headdata_empty) = VALUE bapimathead( ).

* Strukturtyp aus DDIC (gefüllt)
DATA(lv_headdata) = VALUE bapimathead( material      = '1234567890'
                                       basic_view    = abap_true
                                       purchase_view = abap_true
                                       account_view  = abap_true ).

interne Tabelle anlegen

* definiert vom Anwender
TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_sflight,
         carrid TYPE sflight-carrid,
         connid TYPE sflight-connid,
       END OF ty_sflight.

TYPES: ty_it_sflight TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_sflight WITH DEFAULT KEY.

DATA(it_tab) = VALUE ty_it_sflight( ( carrid = 'LH' connid = '0123' )
                                    ( carrid = 'AA' connid = '3210' ) ).

* Stringtable aus DDIC (leer)
DATA(it_stringtab_empty) = VALUE stringtab( ).

* Stringtable aus DDIC (gefüllt)
DATA(it_stringtab) = VALUE stringtab( ( |Udo| )
                                      ( |Heinz| )
                                      ( |Klaus| ) ).

Objektreferenz anlegen

* Objektreferenz auf Klasse ALV-Grid
DATA(o_alv) = NEW cl_gui_alv_grid( i_parent      = cl_gui_container=>default_screen
                                   i_appl_events = abap_true ).

* Referenz auf int
DATA(lv_int) = 1.
DATA(o_int) = REF #( lv_int ).

* Referenz auf stringtab
DATA(it_stringtab) = VALUE stringtab( ).
DATA(o_tab) = REF #( it_stringtab ).