Folgende Klasse erleichtert die Arbeit beim
- Fenster finden
- Fenster in den Vordergrund holen
- Übersenden von Windows-Messages an Fenster
- Übersenden von Strings an Fenster
- Fenster schließen
- Anwendungen/Prozesse starten
- Anwendungen/Prozesse beenden
- Prozesse anhand der ID finden
Alle dazu benötigten Funktionen aus der User32.dll werden eingebunden und auch alle in der windows.h definierten Windows-Message-Konstanten sind enthalten.
- Aufrufbeispiel:
// eigene Message definieren
private const int WM_MYOWNMESSAGE = 11111;
// Hilfsobjekt erzeugen
CAppCtrlObj wc = new CAppCtrlObj();
// Fenster-Handle von einer Beispielanwendung holen
IntPtr hWnd = wc.GetWindowHandle("FensterTitelMeinerAnwendung", null);
// Message an Fensterhandle schicken, in LParam wird beispielhaft die akt. Prozess-ID des aufrufenden Prozesses mitgesendet, auf Abarbeitung der Message warten
IntPtr err = wc.SendMessageToWindow(hWnd, WM_MYOWNMESSAGE, IntPtr.Zero, (IntPtr)System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id);
if ((int)err != 0)
{
// Fehler
}
// Nachricht WM_CLOSE senden, Fenster schließen, nicht auf Abarbeitung der Message warten
if (wc.PostMessageToWindow(hWnd, CAppCtrlObj.WM_CLOSE, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero))
{
// ok
}
// String an Fensterhandle schicken
IntPtr err = wc.SendStringMessageToWindow(hWnd, IntPtr.Zero, "Hallo.");
if ((int)err != 0)
{
// Fehler
}
// Fenster in den Vordergrund holen
if (wc.ActivateWindow(hWnd))
{
// ok
}
// Notepad mit Datei meintext.txt sichtbar und maximiert starten, ProzessID zurückholen
int iProzessID = wc.StartApplication(@"c:\WINDOWS\notepad.exe", @"c:\meintext.txt", false, true);
// zu ProzessID gehörendes Prozessobjekt holen
Process proc = wc.GetProcess(iProzessID);
if (proc != null)
{
// Hauptfenster des Prozesses schließen, 10s auf Schließen-Bestätigung warten, sonst Fehler
if (wc.CloseWindow(proc, false, true, 10000))
{
}
}
- Klasse:
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.IO;
/// <summary>
/// Struct für die Stringübergabe an andere Fenster
/// </summary>
public struct SCopyData
{
public IntPtr dwData;
public int cbData;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
public string lpData;
}
public class CAppCtrlObj
{
#region Message-Konstanten aus der Windows.h
public const int WM_NULL = 0x00;
public const int WM_CREATE = 0x01;
public const int WM_DESTROY = 0x02;
public const int WM_MOVE = 0x03;
public const int WM_SIZE = 0x05;
public const int WM_ACTIVATE = 0x06;
public const int WM_SETFOCUS = 0x07;
public const int WM_KILLFOCUS = 0x08;
public const int WM_ENABLE = 0x0A;
public const int WM_SETREDRAW = 0x0B;
public const int WM_SETTEXT = 0x0C;
public const int WM_GETTEXT = 0x0D;
public const int WM_GETTEXTLENGTH = 0x0E;
public const int WM_PAINT = 0x0F;
public const int WM_CLOSE = 0x10;
public const int WM_QUERYENDSESSION = 0x11;
public const int WM_QUIT = 0x12;
public const int WM_QUERYOPEN = 0x13;
public const int WM_ERASEBKGND = 0x14;
public const int WM_SYSCOLORCHANGE = 0x15;
public const int WM_ENDSESSION = 0x16;
public const int WM_SYSTEMERROR = 0x17;
public const int WM_SHOWWINDOW = 0x18;
public const int WM_CTLCOLOR = 0x19;
public const int WM_WININICHANGE = 0x1A;
public const int WM_SETTINGCHANGE = 0x1A;
public const int WM_DEVMODECHANGE = 0x1B;
public const int WM_ACTIVATEAPP = 0x1C;
public const int WM_FONTCHANGE = 0x1D;
public const int WM_TIMECHANGE = 0x1E;
public const int WM_CANCELMODE = 0x1F;
public const int WM_SETCURSOR = 0x20;
public const int WM_MOUSEACTIVATE = 0x21;
public const int WM_CHILDACTIVATE = 0x22;
public const int WM_QUEUESYNC = 0x23;
public const int WM_GETMINMAXINFO = 0x24;
public const int WM_PAINTICON = 0x26;
public const int WM_ICONERASEBKGND = 0x27;
public const int WM_NEXTDLGCTL = 0x28;
public const int WM_SPOOLERSTATUS = 0x2A;
public const int WM_DRAWITEM = 0x2B;
public const int WM_MEASUREITEM = 0x2C;
public const int WM_DELETEITEM = 0x2D;
public const int WM_VKEYTOITEM = 0x2E;
public const int WM_CHARTOITEM = 0x2F;
public const int WM_SETFONT = 0x30;
public const int WM_GETFONT = 0x31;
public const int WM_SETHOTKEY = 0x32;
public const int WM_GETHOTKEY = 0x33;
public const int WM_QUERYDRAGICON = 0x37;
public const int WM_COMPAREITEM = 0x39;
public const int WM_COMPACTING = 0x41;
public const int WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING = 0x46;
public const int WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED = 0x47;
public const int WM_POWER = 0x48;
public const int WM_COPYDATA = 0x4A;
public const int WM_CANCELJOURNAL = 0x4B;
public const int WM_NOTIFY = 0x4E;
public const int WM_INPUTLANGCHANGEREQUEST = 0x50;
public const int WM_INPUTLANGCHANGE = 0x51;
public const int WM_TCARD = 0x52;
public const int WM_HELP = 0x53;
public const int WM_USERCHANGED = 0x54;
public const int WM_NOTIFYFORMAT = 0x55;
public const int WM_CONTEXTMENU = 0x7B;
public const int WM_STYLECHANGING = 0x7C;
public const int WM_STYLECHANGED = 0x7D;
public const int WM_DISPLAYCHANGE = 0x7E;
public const int WM_GETICON = 0x7F;
public const int WM_SETICON = 0x80;
public const int WM_NCCREATE = 0x81;
public const int WM_NCDESTROY = 0x82;
public const int WM_NCCALCSIZE = 0x83;
public const int WM_NCHITTEST = 0x84;
public const int WM_NCPAINT = 0x85;
public const int WM_NCACTIVATE = 0x86;
public const int WM_GETDLGCODE = 0x87;
public const int WM_NCMOUSEMOVE = 0xA0;
public const int WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN = 0xA1;
public const int WM_NCLBUTTONUP = 0xA2;
public const int WM_NCLBUTTONDBLCLK = 0xA3;
public const int WM_NCRBUTTONDOWN = 0xA4;
public const int WM_NCRBUTTONUP = 0xA5;
public const int WM_NCRBUTTONDBLCLK = 0xA6;
public const int WM_NCMBUTTONDOWN = 0xA7;
public const int WM_NCMBUTTONUP = 0xA8;
public const int WM_NCMBUTTONDBLCLK = 0xA9;
public const int WM_KEYFIRST = 0x100;
public const int WM_KEYDOWN = 0x100;
public const int WM_KEYUP = 0x101;
public const int WM_CHAR = 0x102;
public const int WM_DEADCHAR = 0x103;
public const int WM_SYSKEYDOWN = 0x104;
public const int WM_SYSKEYUP = 0x105;
public const int WM_SYSCHAR = 0x106;
public const int WM_SYSDEADCHAR = 0x107;
public const int WM_KEYLAST = 0x108;
public const int WM_IME_STARTCOMPOSITION = 0x10D;
public const int WM_IME_ENDCOMPOSITION = 0x10E;
public const int WM_IME_COMPOSITION = 0x10F;
public const int WM_IME_KEYLAST = 0x10F;
public const int WM_INITDIALOG = 0x110;
public const int WM_COMMAND = 0x111;
public const int WM_SYSCOMMAND = 0x112;
public const int WM_TIMER = 0x113;
public const int WM_HSCROLL = 0x114;
public const int WM_VSCROLL = 0x115;
public const int WM_INITMENU = 0x116;
public const int WM_INITMENUPOPUP = 0x117;
public const int WM_MENUSELECT = 0x11F;
public const int WM_MENUCHAR = 0x120;
public const int WM_ENTERIDLE = 0x121;
public const int WM_CTLCOLORMSGBOX = 0x132;
public const int WM_CTLCOLOREDIT = 0x133;
public const int WM_CTLCOLORLISTBOX = 0x134;
public const int WM_CTLCOLORBTN = 0x135;
public const int WM_CTLCOLORDLG = 0x136;
public const int WM_CTLCOLORSCROLLBAR = 0x137;
public const int WM_CTLCOLORSTATIC = 0x138;
public const int WM_MOUSEFIRST = 0x200;
public const int WM_MOUSEMOVE = 0x200;
public const int WM_LBUTTONDOWN = 0x201;
public const int WM_LBUTTONUP = 0x202;
public const int WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK = 0x203;
public const int WM_RBUTTONDOWN = 0x204;
public const int WM_RBUTTONUP = 0x205;
public const int WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK = 0x206;
public const int WM_MBUTTONDOWN = 0x207;
public const int WM_MBUTTONUP = 0x208;
public const int WM_MBUTTONDBLCLK = 0x209;
public const int WM_MOUSELAST = 0x20A;
public const int WM_MOUSEWHEEL = 0x20A;
public const int WM_PARENTNOTIFY = 0x210;
public const int WM_ENTERMENULOOP = 0x211;
public const int WM_EXITMENULOOP = 0x212;
public const int WM_NEXTMENU = 0x213;
public const int WM_SIZING = 0x214;
public const int WM_CAPTURECHANGED = 0x215;
public const int WM_MOVING = 0x216;
public const int WM_POWERBROADCAST = 0x218;
public const int WM_DEVICECHANGE = 0x219;
public const int WM_MDICREATE = 0x220;
public const int WM_MDIDESTROY = 0x221;
public const int WM_MDIACTIVATE = 0x222;
public const int WM_MDIRESTORE = 0x223;
public const int WM_MDINEXT = 0x224;
public const int WM_MDIMAXIMIZE = 0x225;
public const int WM_MDITILE = 0x226;
public const int WM_MDICASCADE = 0x227;
public const int WM_MDIICONARRANGE = 0x228;
public const int WM_MDIGETACTIVE = 0x229;
public const int WM_MDISETMENU = 0x230;
public const int WM_ENTERSIZEMOVE = 0x231;
public const int WM_EXITSIZEMOVE = 0x232;
public const int WM_DROPFILES = 0x233;
public const int WM_MDIREFRESHMENU = 0x234;
public const int WM_IME_SETCONTEXT = 0x281;
public const int WM_IME_NOTIFY = 0x282;
public const int WM_IME_CONTROL = 0x283;
public const int WM_IME_COMPOSITIONFULL = 0x284;
public const int WM_IME_SELECT = 0x285;
public const int WM_IME_CHAR = 0x286;
public const int WM_IME_KEYDOWN = 0x290;
public const int WM_IME_KEYUP = 0x291;
public const int WM_MOUSEHOVER = 0x2A1;
public const int WM_NCMOUSELEAVE = 0x2A2;
public const int WM_MOUSELEAVE = 0x2A3;
public const int WM_CUT = 0x300;
public const int WM_COPY = 0x301;
public const int WM_PASTE = 0x302;
public const int WM_CLEAR = 0x303;
public const int WM_UNDO = 0x304;
public const int WM_RENDERFORMAT = 0x305;
public const int WM_RENDERALLFORMATS = 0x306;
public const int WM_DESTROYCLIPBOARD = 0x307;
public const int WM_DRAWCLIPBOARD = 0x308;
public const int WM_PAINTCLIPBOARD = 0x309;
public const int WM_VSCROLLCLIPBOARD = 0x30A;
public const int WM_SIZECLIPBOARD = 0x30B;
public const int WM_ASKCBFORMATNAME = 0x30C;
public const int WM_CHANGECBCHAIN = 0x30D;
public const int WM_HSCROLLCLIPBOARD = 0x30E;
public const int WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE = 0x30F;
public const int WM_PALETTEISCHANGING = 0x310;
public const int WM_PALETTECHANGED = 0x311;
public const int WM_HOTKEY = 0x312;
public const int WM_PRINT = 0x317;
public const int WM_PRINTCLIENT = 0x318;
public const int WM_HANDHELDFIRST = 0x358;
public const int WM_HANDHELDLAST = 0x35F;
public const int WM_PENWINFIRST = 0x380;
public const int WM_PENWINLAST = 0x38F;
public const int WM_COALESCE_FIRST = 0x390;
public const int WM_COALESCE_LAST = 0x39F;
public const int WM_DDE_FIRST = 0x3E0;
public const int WM_DDE_INITIATE = 0x3E0;
public const int WM_DDE_TERMINATE = 0x3E1;
public const int WM_DDE_ADVISE = 0x3E2;
public const int WM_DDE_UNADVISE = 0x3E3;
public const int WM_DDE_ACK = 0x3E4;
public const int WM_DDE_DATA = 0x3E5;
public const int WM_DDE_REQUEST = 0x3E6;
public const int WM_DDE_POKE = 0x3E7;
public const int WM_DDE_EXECUTE = 0x3E8;
public const int WM_DDE_LAST = 0x3E8;
public const int WM_USER = 0x400;
public const int WM_APP = 0x8000;
#endregion
#region Importfunktionen aus User32.dll
// Wenn möglich sollte beim Aufruf der Funktionen immer mit IntPtr gearbeitet werden, da es sonst zu Adressierungs-Fehlern auf 64Bit-Systemen kommen kann!
// http://www.pinvoke.net/default.aspx/user32.GetDesktopWindow
[DllImport("user32", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern IntPtr GetDesktopWindow();
// http://www.pinvoke.net/default.aspx/user32.FindWindow
[DllImport("user32", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);
// http://www.pinvoke.net/default.aspx/user32.GetWindowTextLength
[DllImport("user32", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern int GetWindowTextLength(IntPtr hWnd);
// http://www.pinvoke.net/default.aspx/user32.GetWindowText
[DllImport("user32", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern int GetWindowText(IntPtr hWnd, StringBuilder lpString, int nMaxCount);
// http://www.pinvoke.net/default.aspx/user32.SetForegroundWindow
[DllImport("user32", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);
// http://www.pinvoke.net/default.aspx/user32.IsIconic
[DllImport("user32", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool IsIconic(IntPtr hWnd);
// http://www.pinvoke.net/default.aspx/user32.OpenIcon
[DllImport("user32", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool OpenIcon(IntPtr hWnd);
// http://www.pinvoke.net/default.aspx/user32.GetClassName
[DllImport("user32", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern int GetClassName(IntPtr hWnd, StringBuilder lpClassName, int nMaxCount);
// http://www.pinvoke.net/default.aspx/user32.SendMessage
[DllImport("user32", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, uint uiMsg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
// http://boycook.wordpress.com/2008/07/29/c-win32-messaging-with-sendmessage-and-wm_copydata/
// http://craigcook.co.uk/samples/MessageHelper.cs.txt
[DllImport("user32", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, uint uiMsg, IntPtr wParam, ref SCopyData lParam);
// http://www.pinvoke.net/default.aspx/user32.PostMessage
[DllImport("user32", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool PostMessage(IntPtr hWnd, uint iMsg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
#endregion
public CAppCtrlObj()
{
}
/// <summary>
/// ermittelt Fensterhandle des Desktops
/// </summary>
/// <returns>Handle</returns>
public IntPtr GetDesktopWindowHandle()
{
return GetDesktopWindow();
}
/// <summary>
/// ermittelt Fensterhandle
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sWindowTitle">Fenstertitel</param>
/// <param name="sWindowClassName">Name der zugehörigen Fensterklasse, kann null sein</param>
/// <returns>Handle</returns>
public IntPtr GetWindowHandle(string sWindowTitle, string sWindowClassName)
{
return FindWindow(sWindowClassName, sWindowTitle);
}
/// <summary>
/// versucht Fenster zu aktivieren
/// </summary>
/// <param name="iptrWindowHandle">Fensterhandle</param>
/// <returns>true, false</returns>
public bool ActivateWindow(IntPtr iptrWindowHandle)
{
bool bRetVal = false;
if (iptrWindowHandle != null)
{
bool bGo = true;
if (IsIconic(iptrWindowHandle))
{
bGo = OpenIcon(iptrWindowHandle);
}
if (bGo)
{
bRetVal = SetForegroundWindow(iptrWindowHandle);
}
}
return bRetVal;
}
/// <summary>
/// versucht Fenster zu aktivieren
/// </summary>
/// <param name="process">Process-Objekt</param>
/// <returns>true, false</returns>
public bool ActivateWindow(Process process)
{
return (process != null) ? this.ActivateWindow(process.MainWindowHandle) : false;
}
/// <summary>
/// ermittelt Klassenname eines Fensters
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sWindowTitle">Fenstername</param>
/// <returns>Klassenname des Fensters</returns>
public string GetWindowClassName(string sWindowTitle)
{
string sRetVal = string.Empty;
IntPtr hWnd = FindWindow(null, sWindowTitle);
if (hWnd != null)
{
StringBuilder classname = new StringBuilder(255);
if (GetClassName(hWnd, classname, 255) != 0)
{
sRetVal = classname.ToString();
}
}
return sRetVal;
}
/// <summary>
/// Nachricht an ein Fenster senden, wartet auf Ausführung
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hWnd">Fensterhandle</param>
/// <param name="iMsg">Nachrichten-ID</param>
/// <param name="wParam">1. Parameter, wenn nicht benötigt, dann IntPtr.Zero setzen</param>
/// <param name="lParam">2. Parameter, wenn nicht benötigt, dann IntPtr.Zero setzen</param>
/// <returns>Status</returns>
public IntPtr SendMessageToWindow(IntPtr hWnd, uint uiMsg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
{
return SendMessage(hWnd, uiMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
/// <summary>
/// String mittels WM_COPYDATA an ein Fenster senden, wartet auf Ausführung
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hWnd">Fensterhandle</param>
/// <param name="wParam">1. Parameter, wenn nicht benötigt, dann IntPtr.Zero setzen</param>
/// <param name="sMessage">2. Parameter als Nachrichtenstring</param>
/// <returns>Status</returns>
public IntPtr SendStringMessageToWindow(IntPtr hWnd, IntPtr wParam, string sMessage)
{
byte[] sarr = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(sMessage);
SCopyData cds;
cds.dwData = IntPtr.Zero;
cds.lpData = sMessage;
cds.cbData = sarr.Length + 1;
return SendMessage(hWnd, WM_COPYDATA, wParam, ref cds);
}
/// <summary>
/// Nachricht dem MessageQueue des Erzeugerthreads eines Fensters hinzufügen, wartet nicht auf Ausführung
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hWnd">Fensterhandle</param>
/// <param name="iMsg">Nachrichten-ID</param>
/// <param name="wParam">1. Parameter, wenn nicht benötigt, dann IntPtr.Zero setzen</param>
/// <param name="lParam">2. Parameter, wenn nicht benötigt, dann IntPtr.Zero setzen</param>
/// <returns>true, false</returns>
public bool PostMessageToWindow(IntPtr hWnd, uint iMsg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
{
return PostMessage(hWnd, iMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
/// <summary>
/// schließt das Hauptfenster eines Prozesses
/// </summary>
/// <param name="process">der Prozess, der beendet werden soll</param>
/// <param name="bForce">Schließen erzwingen (Kill)?</param>
/// <param name="bWaitForExit">Auf Beendigung warten?</param>
/// <param name="iExitWaitTimeInMs">Zeit für das Warten auf Beendigung</param>
/// <returns>true, false</returns>
public bool CloseWindow(Process process, bool bForce, bool bWaitForExit, int iExitWaitTimeInMs)
{
bool bRetVal = false;
if (process.CloseMainWindow())
{
if (bWaitForExit)
{
bRetVal = process.WaitForExit(iExitWaitTimeInMs);
}
else
{
bRetVal = true;
}
}
else
{
if (bForce)
{
process.Kill();
bRetVal = true;
}
}
return bRetVal;
}
/// <summary>
/// Startet eine Datei, prüft, ob Datei vorhanden
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sFileName">Pfad und Dateiname</param>
/// <param name="sArguments">Argumentliste</param>
/// <param name="bHidden">Prozess versteckt starten?</param>
/// <param name="bMaximized">Wenn nicht versteckt, maximieren?</param>
/// <returns>Prozess-ID, im Fehlerfall -1</returns>
public int StartApplication(string sFileName, string sArguments, bool bHidden, bool bMaximized)
{
int iRetVal = -1;
if (File.Exists(sFileName))
{
Process process = new Process();
process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = true;
process.StartInfo.WindowStyle = bHidden ? ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden : bMaximized ? ProcessWindowStyle.Maximized : ProcessWindowStyle.Normal;
process.StartInfo.FileName = sFileName;
process.StartInfo.Arguments = sArguments;
if (process.Start())
{
iRetVal = process.Id;
}
}
return iRetVal;
}
/// <summary>
/// Prozess anhand einer Prozess-ID im System ermitteln
/// </summary>
/// <param name="iProcessID">eindeutige systemweite Prozess-ID</param>
/// <returns>Prozess</returns>
public Process GetProcess(int iProcessID)
{
return Process.GetProcessById(iProcessID);
}
}