[ABAP] RTTI / RTTC / RTTS: Verwendung von Typdescriptoren

* Typ-Beispiele:
* Struct
*   RSDSSELOPT
* Table
*   RSELOPTION
* Klasse
*   CL_DEMO_OUTPUT
* Interface
*   IF_RANDOM_NUMBER
* Datenelement
*   I
* Referenz
*   ?
PARAMETERS: p_name TYPE string DEFAULT 'RSDSSELOPT'.

START-OF-SELECTION.

  DATA(o_type_desc) = cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_name( p_name ).

  CASE o_type_desc->kind.
    WHEN cl_abap_typedescr=>kind_struct.
      DATA(o_struct_desc) = CAST cl_abap_structdescr( o_type_desc ).
      cl_demo_output=>write_data( o_struct_desc->components ).
    WHEN cl_abap_typedescr=>kind_table.
      DATA(o_table_desc) = CAST cl_abap_tabledescr( o_type_desc ).
      DATA(o_tl_struct_desc) = CAST cl_abap_structdescr( o_table_desc->get_table_line_type( ) ).
      cl_demo_output=>write_data( o_tl_struct_desc->components ).
    WHEN cl_abap_typedescr=>kind_class.
      DATA(o_class_desc) = CAST cl_abap_classdescr( o_type_desc ).
      LOOP AT o_class_desc->methods ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<m>).
        cl_demo_output=>write( <m>-name ).
      ENDLOOP.
    WHEN cl_abap_typedescr=>kind_intf.
      DATA(o_if_desc) = CAST cl_abap_intfdescr( o_type_desc ).
      LOOP AT o_if_desc->methods ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<i>).
        cl_demo_output=>write( <i>-name ).
      ENDLOOP.
    WHEN cl_abap_typedescr=>kind_elem.
      DATA(o_elem_desc) = CAST cl_abap_elemdescr( o_type_desc ).
      cl_demo_output=>write_data( o_elem_desc->type_kind ).
    WHEN cl_abap_typedescr=>kind_ref.
  ENDCASE.

  cl_demo_output=>display( ).

Links

[ABAP] ABAP2XLSX: Interne Tabelle als Excel-Datei (*.xlsx) aufbereiten und mit Desktop Office Integration (DOI) als Excel inplace anzeigen

Variante 1 (Daten aus der Tabelle SFLIGHT anzeigen)

* Dummy-Screen für cl_gui_container=>default_screen deklarieren
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 100.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF SCREEN 100.

START-OF-SELECTION.

* Daten holen
  SELECT * FROM sflight INTO TABLE @DATA(it_sflight).

  TRY.
* ABAP2XLSX
      DATA: o_xl TYPE REF TO zcl_excel.

* Converter itab->ABAP2XLSX
      DATA(o_converter) = NEW zcl_excel_converter( ).

      o_converter->convert( EXPORTING
                              it_table = it_sflight
                            CHANGING
                              co_excel = o_xl ).

* aktive Worksheet
      DATA(o_xl_ws) = o_xl->get_active_worksheet( ).
* oberste Zeile einfrieren -> beim Scrollen immer sichtbar
      o_xl_ws->freeze_panes( ip_num_rows = 1 ).

* Binärdaten (xstring) generieren
      DATA(o_xlwriter) = CAST zif_excel_writer( NEW zcl_excel_writer_2007( ) ).
      DATA(lv_xl_xdata) = o_xlwriter->write_file( o_xl ).

* Daten mit DOI (Excel inplace) anzeigen
      DATA: o_oic TYPE REF TO i_oi_container_control.
      DATA: o_oid TYPE REF TO i_oi_document_proxy.
      DATA: o_err TYPE REF TO i_oi_error.
      DATA: it_errors TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF REF TO i_oi_error WITH NON-UNIQUE DEFAULT KEY.

      c_oi_container_control_creator=>get_container_control( IMPORTING
                                                               control = o_oic
                                                               error   = o_err ).

      APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

      IF abap_true = o_err->has_succeeded.
        o_oic->init_control( EXPORTING
                               inplace_enabled     = abap_true
                               no_flush            = abap_true
                               r3_application_name = 'Flugverbindungen'
                               parent              = cl_gui_container=>default_screen
                             IMPORTING
                               error               = o_err ).

        APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

        IF abap_true = o_err->has_succeeded.
          o_oic->get_document_proxy( EXPORTING
                                       document_type  = soi_doctype_excel_sheet " 'Excel.Sheet'
                                     IMPORTING
                                       document_proxy = o_oid
                                       error          = o_err ).
          APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

          IF abap_true = o_err->has_succeeded.
            DATA(it_raw) = cl_bcs_convert=>xstring_to_solix( iv_xstring = lv_xl_xdata ).
            DATA(lv_rawlen) = xstrlen( lv_xl_xdata ).

* Binärdaten des *.xlsx im Hintergrund an DOI-Objekt senden und anzeigen
            o_oid->open_document_from_table( EXPORTING
                                               document_size  = lv_rawlen
                                               document_table = it_raw
                                               open_inplace   = abap_true
                                             IMPORTING
                                               error          = o_err ).

            APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

            IF abap_true = o_err->has_succeeded.

* leere Toolbar ausblenden
              cl_abap_list_layout=>suppress_toolbar( ).

* cl_gui_container=>default_screen erzwingen
              CALL SCREEN 100.

* Schließen eines Dokuments in der Office-Anwendung
              o_oid->close_document( IMPORTING error = o_err ).

              APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

              IF o_err->has_succeeded = abap_true.

* Schließen eines Visual-Basic-Dokuments
                o_oid->close_activex_document( IMPORTING error = o_err ).

                APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

                IF o_err->has_succeeded = abap_true.

* Freigabe des für das Dokument reservierten Speichers
                  o_oid->release_document( IMPORTING error = o_err ).

                  APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

                  IF o_err->has_succeeded = abap_true.
                    FREE: o_oid.
                  ENDIF.
                ENDIF.
              ENDIF.
            ENDIF.

* baut das Control ab
            o_oic->destroy_control( IMPORTING error = o_err ).

            APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

            IF o_err->has_succeeded = abap_true.
              FREE: o_oic.
            ENDIF.

          ENDIF.
        ENDIF.
      ENDIF.

* Ausgabe Fehlerprotokoll
      DATA: lv_message_id TYPE sy-msgid.
      DATA: lv_message_number TYPE sy-msgno.
      DATA: lv_param1 TYPE sy-msgv1.
      DATA: lv_param2 TYPE sy-msgv2.
      DATA: lv_param3 TYPE sy-msgv3.
      DATA: lv_param4 TYPE sy-msgv4.

      LOOP AT it_errors ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<e>).
        <e>->get_message( IMPORTING
                            message_id     = lv_message_id
                            message_number = lv_message_number
                            param1         = lv_param1
                            param2         = lv_param2
                            param3         = lv_param3
                            param4         = lv_param4
                        ).
        WRITE: / <e>->error_code, lv_message_id, lv_message_number, lv_param1, lv_param2, lv_param3, lv_param4.
      ENDLOOP.

    CATCH cx_root INTO DATA(e_txt).
      WRITE: / e_txt->get_text( ).
  ENDTRY.

Variante 2 (Daten aus der Tabelle SFLIGHT anzeigen, Styles festlegen)

* Dummy-Screen für cl_gui_container=>default_screen deklarieren
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 100.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF SCREEN 100.

START-OF-SELECTION.

* Daten holen
  SELECT * FROM sflight INTO TABLE @DATA(it_sflight).

  TRY.
* ABAP2XLSX
      DATA(o_xl) = NEW zcl_excel( ).
* aktive Worksheet
      DATA(o_xl_ws) = o_xl->get_active_worksheet( ).
* Name der Sheet
      o_xl_ws->set_title( ip_title = 'Flights' ).

* Tabelle übergeben und Style festlegen
      o_xl_ws->bind_table( ip_table          = it_sflight
                           is_table_settings = VALUE #(
                                                        table_style      = zcl_excel_table=>builtinstyle_medium2
*                                                  show_row_stripes = abap_true
                                                      )
                         ).

* oberste Zeile einfrieren -> beim Scrollen immer sichtbar
      o_xl_ws->freeze_panes( ip_num_rows = 1 ).

* Binärdaten (xstring) generieren
      DATA(o_xlwriter) = CAST zif_excel_writer( NEW zcl_excel_writer_2007( ) ).
      DATA(lv_xl_xdata) = o_xlwriter->write_file( o_xl ).

* Daten mit DOI (Excel inplace) anzeigen
      DATA: o_oic TYPE REF TO i_oi_container_control.
      DATA: o_oid TYPE REF TO i_oi_document_proxy.
      DATA: o_err TYPE REF TO i_oi_error.
      DATA: it_errors TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF REF TO i_oi_error WITH NON-UNIQUE DEFAULT KEY.

      c_oi_container_control_creator=>get_container_control( IMPORTING
                                                               control = o_oic
                                                               error   = o_err ).

      APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

      IF abap_true = o_err->has_succeeded.
        o_oic->init_control( EXPORTING
                               inplace_enabled     = abap_true
                               no_flush            = abap_true
                               r3_application_name = 'Flugverbindungen'
                               parent              = cl_gui_container=>default_screen
                             IMPORTING
                               error               = o_err ).

        APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

        IF abap_true = o_err->has_succeeded.
          o_oic->get_document_proxy( EXPORTING
                                       document_type  = soi_doctype_excel_sheet " 'Excel.Sheet'
                                     IMPORTING
                                       document_proxy = o_oid
                                       error          = o_err ).

          APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

          IF abap_true = o_err->has_succeeded.
            DATA(it_raw) = cl_bcs_convert=>xstring_to_solix( iv_xstring = lv_xl_xdata ).
            DATA(lv_rawlen) = xstrlen( lv_xl_xdata ).

* Binärdaten des *.xlsx im Hintergrund an DOI-Objekt senden und anzeigen
            o_oid->open_document_from_table( EXPORTING
                                               document_size    = lv_rawlen
                                               document_table   = it_raw
                                               open_inplace     = abap_true
                                             IMPORTING
                                               error          = o_err ).

            APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

            IF abap_true = o_err->has_succeeded.

* leere Toolbar ausblenden
              cl_abap_list_layout=>suppress_toolbar( ).

* cl_gui_container=>default_screen erzwingen
              CALL SCREEN 100.

* Schließen eines Dokuments in der Office-Anwendung
              o_oid->close_document( IMPORTING error = o_err ).

              APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

              IF o_err->has_succeeded = abap_true.

* Schließen eines Visual-Basic-Dokuments
                o_oid->close_activex_document( IMPORTING error = o_err ).

                APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

                IF o_err->has_succeeded = abap_true.

* Freigabe des für das Dokument reservierten Speichers
                  o_oid->release_document( IMPORTING error = o_err ).

                  APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

                  IF o_err->has_succeeded = abap_true.
                    FREE: o_oid.
                  ENDIF.
                ENDIF.
              ENDIF.
            ENDIF.

* baut das Control ab
            o_oic->destroy_control( IMPORTING error = o_err ).

            APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

            IF o_err->has_succeeded = abap_true.
              FREE: o_oic.
            ENDIF.

          ENDIF.
        ENDIF.
      ENDIF.

* Ausgabe Fehlerprotokoll
      DATA: lv_message_id TYPE sy-msgid.
      DATA: lv_message_number TYPE sy-msgno.
      DATA: lv_param1 TYPE sy-msgv1.
      DATA: lv_param2 TYPE sy-msgv2.
      DATA: lv_param3 TYPE sy-msgv3.
      DATA: lv_param4 TYPE sy-msgv4.

      LOOP AT it_errors ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<e>).
        <e>->get_message( IMPORTING
                            message_id     = lv_message_id
                            message_number = lv_message_number
                            param1         = lv_param1
                            param2         = lv_param2
                            param3         = lv_param3
                            param4         = lv_param4
                        ).
        WRITE: / <e>->error_code, lv_message_id, lv_message_number, lv_param1, lv_param2, lv_param3, lv_param4.
      ENDLOOP.

    CATCH cx_root INTO DATA(e_txt).
      WRITE: / e_txt->get_text( ).
  ENDTRY.

Variante 3 (Daten aus der Tabelle SFLIGHT anzeigen, Komplexbeispiel)

* Dummy-Screen für cl_gui_container=>default_screen deklarieren
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 100.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF SCREEN 100.

START-OF-SELECTION.

* Daten holen
  SELECT * FROM sflight INTO TABLE @DATA(it_sflight).

  TRY.
* ABAP2XLSX
      DATA(o_xl) = NEW zcl_excel( ).
* aktive Worksheet
      DATA(o_xl_ws) = o_xl->get_active_worksheet( ).
* Name der Sheet
      o_xl_ws->set_title( ip_title = 'Flights' ).
* Gitterlinien ausschalten
      o_xl_ws->set_show_gridlines( i_show_gridlines = abap_false ).
* oberste zwei Zeilen einfrieren -> beim Scrollen immer sichtbar
      o_xl_ws->freeze_panes( ip_num_rows = 2 ).

* RTTS: Table: Beschreibung
      DATA(o_tdesc) = CAST cl_abap_tabledescr( cl_abap_tabledescr=>describe_by_data( it_sflight ) ).
* RTTS: Row: Beschreibung
      DATA(o_sdesc) = CAST cl_abap_structdescr( o_tdesc->get_table_line_type( ) ).
* RTTS: Col: Komponenten (Felder) -> DFIES: DD-Schnittstelle: Tabellenfelder für DDIF_FIELDINFO_GET
      DATA(it_com) = o_sdesc->get_components( ).

* Header einfügen
      LOOP AT it_com ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<c>).
        DATA(lv_col_head) = sy-tabix.
* Prüfen, ob DDIC-Typ, damit die Metadaten ausgelesen werden können
        DATA(o_edesc_head) = CAST cl_abap_elemdescr( <c>-type ).
        IF o_edesc_head->is_ddic_type( ) EQ abap_true.
          DATA(lv_dfies_head) = o_edesc_head->get_ddic_field( ).
* technischer Name in die erste Zeile
          o_xl_ws->set_cell( ip_column = lv_col_head
                             ip_row    = 1
                             ip_value  = <c>-name ).
* Langtext des Feldes in die zweite Zeile
          o_xl_ws->set_cell( ip_column = lv_col_head
                             ip_row    = 2
                             ip_value  = lv_dfies_head-scrtext_l ).

* Spaltenbreite setzen
          o_xl_ws->get_column( lv_col_head )->set_width( strlen( lv_dfies_head-scrtext_l ) + 5 ).
        ENDIF.

      ENDLOOP.

* Daten einfügen
      LOOP AT it_sflight ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<row>).
        DATA(lv_row) = sy-tabix + 2.

        LOOP AT it_com ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<col>).
          DATA(lv_col) = sy-tabix.

* Prüfen, ob DDIC-Typ, damit die Metadaten ausgelesen werden können
          DATA(o_edesc) = CAST cl_abap_elemdescr( <col>-type ).
          IF o_edesc->is_ddic_type( ) EQ abap_true.
* wenn DDIC-Typ, dann Metainformationen auslesen
            DATA(lv_dfies) = o_edesc->get_ddic_field( ).
* anhand des Komponentennamens den akt. Zellinhalt einer Zeile lesen
            ASSIGN COMPONENT <col>-name OF STRUCTURE <row> TO FIELD-SYMBOL(<cell>).
            IF <cell> IS ASSIGNED.
              o_xl_ws->set_cell( ip_column = lv_col
                                 ip_row    = lv_row
                                 ip_value  = <cell> ).
            ENDIF.
          ENDIF.
        ENDLOOP.

* Zeilenhöhe
        o_xl_ws->get_row( ip_row = lv_row )->set_row_height( 15 ).
      ENDLOOP.

* Autofilter setzen
      DATA(o_autofilter) = o_xl->add_new_autofilter( io_sheet = o_xl_ws ).
      o_autofilter->set_filter_area( is_area = VALUE #( row_start = 2
                                                        col_start = 1
                                                        row_end   = o_xl_ws->get_highest_row( )
                                                        col_end   = o_xl_ws->get_highest_column( ) ) ).

* Binärdaten (xstring) generieren
      DATA(o_xlwriter) = CAST zif_excel_writer( NEW zcl_excel_writer_2007( ) ).
      DATA(lv_xl_xdata) = o_xlwriter->write_file( o_xl ).

* Daten mit DOI (Excel inplace) anzeigen
      DATA: o_oic TYPE REF TO i_oi_container_control.
      DATA: o_oid TYPE REF TO i_oi_document_proxy.
      DATA: o_err TYPE REF TO i_oi_error.
      DATA: it_errors TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF REF TO i_oi_error WITH NON-UNIQUE DEFAULT KEY.

      c_oi_container_control_creator=>get_container_control( IMPORTING
                                                               control = o_oic
                                                               error   = o_err ).

      APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

      IF abap_true = o_err->has_succeeded.
        o_oic->init_control( EXPORTING
                               inplace_enabled     = abap_true
                               no_flush            = abap_true
                               r3_application_name = 'Flugverbindungen'
                               parent              = cl_gui_container=>default_screen
                             IMPORTING
                               error               = o_err ).

        APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

        IF abap_true = o_err->has_succeeded.
          o_oic->get_document_proxy( EXPORTING
                                       document_type  = soi_doctype_excel_sheet " 'Excel.Sheet'
                                     IMPORTING
                                       document_proxy = o_oid
                                       error          = o_err ).

          APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

          IF abap_true = o_err->has_succeeded.
            DATA(it_raw) = cl_bcs_convert=>xstring_to_solix( iv_xstring = lv_xl_xdata ).
            DATA(lv_rawlen) = xstrlen( lv_xl_xdata ).

* Binärdaten des *.xlsx im Hintergrund an DOI-Objekt senden und anzeigen
            o_oid->open_document_from_table( EXPORTING
                                               document_size  = lv_rawlen
                                               document_table = it_raw
                                               open_inplace   = abap_true
                                             IMPORTING
                                               error          = o_err ).

            APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

            IF abap_true = o_err->has_succeeded.
* leere Toolbar ausblenden
              cl_abap_list_layout=>suppress_toolbar( ).

* cl_gui_container=>default_screen erzwingen
              CALL SCREEN 100.

* Schließen eines Dokuments in der Office-Anwendung
              o_oid->close_document( IMPORTING error = o_err ).

              APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

              IF o_err->has_succeeded = abap_true.

* Schließen eines Visual-Basic-Dokuments
                o_oid->close_activex_document( IMPORTING error = o_err ).

                APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

                IF o_err->has_succeeded = abap_true.

* Freigabe des für das Dokument reservierten Speichers
                  o_oid->release_document( IMPORTING error = o_err ).

                  APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

                  IF o_err->has_succeeded = abap_true.
                    FREE: o_oid.
                  ENDIF.
                ENDIF.
              ENDIF.
            ENDIF.

* baut das Control ab
            o_oic->destroy_control( IMPORTING error = o_err ).

            APPEND o_err TO it_errors.

            IF o_err->has_succeeded = abap_true.
              FREE: o_oic.
            ENDIF.

          ENDIF.
        ENDIF.
      ENDIF.

* Ausgabe Fehlerprotokoll
      DATA: lv_message_id TYPE sy-msgid.
      DATA: lv_message_number TYPE sy-msgno.
      DATA: lv_param1 TYPE sy-msgv1.
      DATA: lv_param2 TYPE sy-msgv2.
      DATA: lv_param3 TYPE sy-msgv3.
      DATA: lv_param4 TYPE sy-msgv4.

      LOOP AT it_errors ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<e>).
        <e>->get_message( IMPORTING
                            message_id     = lv_message_id
                            message_number = lv_message_number
                            param1         = lv_param1
                            param2         = lv_param2
                            param3         = lv_param3
                            param4         = lv_param4
                        ).
        WRITE: / <e>->error_code, lv_message_id, lv_message_number, lv_param1, lv_param2, lv_param3, lv_param4.
      ENDLOOP.

    CATCH cx_root INTO DATA(e_txt).
      WRITE: / e_txt->get_text( ).
  ENDTRY.

[ABAP] RTTS verwenden, um Feldnamen und Eigenschaften einer DB-Tabelle anzuzeigen

DATA: o_desc TYPE REF TO cl_abap_structdescr.

o_desc ?= cl_abap_structdescr=>describe_by_name( 'MARA' ).

DATA(o_ddic_fields) = o_desc->get_ddic_field_list( ).

LOOP AT o_ddic_fields INTO DATA(ls_ddfields) WHERE keyflag = 'X'.
  WRITE: / ls_ddfields-fieldname, ls_ddfields-fieldtext.
ENDLOOP.